Un articol foarte bun pe wikipedia despre afide -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AphidOricum interesanta descrierea cu care incepe- "Aphids are among the most destructive insect pests on cultivated plants in temperate regions.[1] The damage they do to plants has made them enemies of farmers and gardeners the world over, though from a zoological standpoint they are a highly successful group of organisms.[2] Their success is due in part to the asexual reproductive capabilities of some species."
Si ca FLORINELU sa nu se supere iar pe noi, traducem putin din text- "Afidele sunt printre cele mai distructive calamitati produse de insecte (?) plantelor cultivate din reginunile temperate! PAgubele pe care le fac plantelor de cultura le-a facut dusmanii fermierilor si gradinarilor din lumea intreaga, desi din punct de vedere zoologic sunt un grup de organisme de mare succes! " Apoi ca sa completam putin imaginea construita de Carnu despre evolutia anuala a acestor insecte adaug tot din materialul citat mai sus tipurile de afide de pot fi vazute in decursul unui an pe o planta si care, dupa modul cum s-a nascut poate fi de mai multe feluri:
Aphid reproduction terminology:
Heteroecious – host alternating
Egg
Fundatrix (foundress from the first egg)
Fundatrigeniae (daughter clones)
Emigrant (winged female; in spring, winged aphids migrating from primary hosts infest Poaceae)
Apterous exule (wingless female)
Alate exule (winged female)
Gynoparae (produce sexual females)
Male
Oviparae (sexual females that mate with the males)
Autoecious – single host
Egg
Fundatrix
Apterous exule
Alate exule
Sexuparae (Parthenogenetic viviparous females of aphids giving rise to the sexual generation and usually developing on the secondary host, the alate forms migrating to the primary host at the end of the summer (holocyclic and heteroecious aphids).)
Oviparae
Males